棉纖維簡(jiǎn)介
棉
淄博普而迪紡織科技有限公司&淄博天然生態(tài)紡織印染有限公司
棉纖維是由受精胚珠的表皮細(xì)胞經(jīng)伸長(zhǎng)、加厚而成的種子纖維，不同于一般的韌皮纖維。它的主要組成物質(zhì)是纖維素。纖維素是天然高分子化合物，化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)式為 (C6H10O5)n。正常成熟的棉纖維素含量約為94%。此外含有少量多縮戊糖、蠟質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、水溶性物質(zhì)、灰分等伴生物。由于棉纖維具有許多優(yōu)良經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀，使之成為最主要的紡織工業(yè)原料。
棉纖維的性能:
棉纖維的強(qiáng)度高、透氣性好、抗皺性差、拉伸性也較差;耐熱性較好，僅次于麻;耐酸性差，在常溫下耐稀堿;對(duì)染料具有良好的親和力，染色容易，色譜齊全，色澤也比較鮮艷。
棉型織物的特點(diǎn):
1.吸濕性強(qiáng)，縮水率較大，約為4~10%。
2. 耐堿不耐酸。棉布對(duì)無(wú)機(jī)酸極不穩(wěn)定，即使很稀的硫酸也會(huì)使其受到破壞，但有機(jī)酸作用微弱，幾乎不起破壞作用。棉布較耐堿，一般稀堿在常溫下對(duì)棉布不發(fā)生作用，但強(qiáng)堿作用后，棉布強(qiáng)度會(huì)下降。常利用20%的燒堿液處理棉布，可得到"絲光"棉布。
3. 耐光性、耐熱性一般。在陽(yáng)光與大氣中棉布會(huì)緩慢地被氧化，使強(qiáng)力下降。長(zhǎng)期高溫作用會(huì)使棉布遭受破壞，但其可耐受125~150℃短暫高溫處理。
4.微生物對(duì)棉織物有破壞作用。表現(xiàn)在不耐霉菌。
cotton
Zibo pueridi textile technology co. LTD & zibo protein fiber textile printing and dyeing co. LTD
Cotton fiber is an elongated and thickened seed fiber from the epidermal cells of the fertilized ovule, which is different from the ordinary phloem fiber.Its main constituent is cellulose.Cellulose is a natural polymer compound with chemical formula (C6H10O5)n.Normally mature cotton contains about 94% cellulose.In addition, it contains a small amount of pentose sugar, wax, protein, fat, water-soluble substances, ash and other associated organisms.Because cotton fiber has many good economic properties, it has become the most important raw material for textile industry.
Properties of cotton fiber:
Cotton fiber has high strength, good air permeability, poor wrinkle resistance and poor tensile property.Good heat resistance, second only to hemp;Poor acid resistance, dilute alkali resistance at room temperature;Has a good affinity for dyes, easy to dye, complete color spectrum, color is also relatively bright.
Characteristics of cotton fabric:
1. Strong hygroscopicity, large shrinkage rate, about 4~10%.
2. Alkali resistance rather than acid resistance.Cotton cloth is very unstable to inorganic acid, even very dilute sulfuric acid will also make it damaged, but the organic acid action is weak, almost no damage.Cotton cloth is more alkali resistant, generally dilute alkali in the room temperature does not have an effect on the cotton cloth, but after the strong alkali effect, the strength of the cotton cloth will decline.The mercerized cotton cloth is often treated with 20% alkali liquor.
3. General resistance to light and heat.In the sun and the atmosphere the cotton cloth will be slowly oxidized, so that the strength of the decline.Long-term high temperature action will cause damage to the cotton cloth, but it can withstand 125~150℃ temporary high temperature treatment.
4. Microorganisms damage cotton fabric.It's characterized by an intolerance to mold.
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